Want to keep your brain sharp?

Playing bridge is like mental exercise. With each hand of this card game, you’re strengthening your memory and strategy skills. Bridge is the ultimate way to boost your brain power.

Looking to meet new people?

The bridge-playing community is large and wide-spread. You’ll find a bridge club in almost every city. Also, because bridge is a partnership game, you develop personal connections right away.

Seeking a new hobby?

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You may even click Random MAC Address button to fill up a randomly selected MAC address from the vendor list available. To restore the original MAC address of the network adapter, select the adapter, click Restore Original button in the Change MAC Address frame. NOTE: This tool cannot change MAC address of Microsoft Network Bridge. Support for WinCE. FTDI drivers are available for Windows CE 4.2-5.2, 6.0/7.0 and 2013. Support for older versions of Windows Desktop. NOTE: Microsoft have ended support for certifying XP and VISTA through their WHCK test program.

Whether you are looking for competition or something more relaxed, bridge is a great option for you. Learn the ultimate card game and discover your new passion.

Need a plan for game night?

Bridge is a game made for groups of people. All you need is a deck of cards and at least four players. Challenge your friends to something beyond the usual board game.

Many bridge clubs offer group classes or can recommend an experienced teacher. Contact a club close to you to find when the next group is starting!

Learn Bridge in A Day?®: five-hour concentrated course geared towards true beginners, those returning to bridge after long absences and those wanting to “test the waters.” The course includes both class instruction and coached play.

Schedule and more information.

Clubs offer social and competitive games, for novice and experienced players.

Busy schedule? Online Clubs host social game and tournaments that award ACBL masterpoints. Play from anywhere, anytime.

Bridge Master

(No bidding required)

Bridge Master is a series of instructional deals designed to improve your declarer play. These carefully constructed exercises are designed to illustrate important declarer techniques; if you take the correct line of play, you make the contract. Otherwise, the program will defeat it. A “Show solution” button is available to explain the correct line of play.

Just Declare

(No bidding required)

Need more play practice? This game sets a contract and invites you to play it. No bidding required, and you are always the declarer. From BBO‘s Learn and Play bridge.

Minibridge

(No bidding required)

Select the trump suit, predict the number of tricks you can take and practice playing the hand. From BBO‘s Learn and Play bridge.

Just Play Bridge

This is a no-frills, infinite stream of bridge hands, scored Total Points style. As South, you are guaranteed to have the most high-card points of all four hands. Bid and play as many hands as you like, at your own pace!
Looking for more serious practice? Create a free account now at BBO to play in social tables or challenge other players in duplicate tournaments.

Tricky Bridge

The perfect iOS app for brand new players to learn bridge basics (for free!) and practice solo. Get it now in the App store.

Learn to Play Bridge

An interactive, learn-as-you-play web-based program powered by Bridge Base robots. LTPB online proves a safe environment for players to test and learn new skills. LTPB online can be accessed from any device with an internet connection

LTPB for Microsoft Windows® also available.

brctl stands for Bridge Control.

In Linux, this command is used to create and manipulate ethernet bridge.

This is typically used when you have multiple ethernet networks on your servers, and you want to combine them and present it as one logical network.

For example, if you have eth0 and eth1, you can combine them and present it as just br0, which will inturn use both eth0 and eth1 for network traffic.

In this tutorial, we’ve covered the following:

1. Create New Ethernet Bridge using addbr
2. Display Available Ethernet Bridge using show
3. Delete Existing Ethernet Bridge using delbr
4. Add an Interface to Existing Bridge
5. Add Multiple Interfaces to Existing Bridge
6. Tracking MAC address of a Bridge
7. Set Ageing Time for Mac Address on a Bridge
8. Setup Spanning Tree on Ethernet Bridge
9. Display STP Parameter Values of a Bridge
10. Change Bridge Parameters Values

1. Create New Ethernet Bridge using addbr

Using brctl addbr, we can create a new ethernet bridge.

In the following example, we have created three ethernet bridges on this server: dev, stage and prod.

Please note that at this stage, this is just an empty ethernet bridge which doesn’t have any other ethernet network on it.

Please note that this brctl is bit different than the Linux EtherChannel NIC bonding that we discussed earlier.

2. Display Available Ethernet Bridge using show

Using brctl show, we can view all available ethernet bridges on your server.

The following example will display all the current instances of the three bridges that we just created.

If you notices the last column “interfaces” has nothing on it. This means that none of this bridge currently has any ethernet device associated with it yet.

On a related note: 9 Linux ethtool Examples to Manipulate Ethernet Card

3. Delete Existing Ethernet Bridge using delbr

Using brctl delbr, we can delete an existing ethernet bridge.

The following example will delete the “stage” instance of the ethernet bridge.

As you see from the show command, we don’t see the “stage” ethernet bridge anymore.

Please note that when a bridge is active (i.e up), you can remove it. You need to first bring down the bridge and then delete it.

Also, please note that earlier brctl command was called as brcfg.

4. Add an Interface to Existing Bridge

Using brctl addif, we can add an interface to an existing ethernet bridge.

The following example will add the ethernet network eth0 to the bridge “dev” that we just created.

Warning: Don’t try this on any critical machines, as you might loose network connection to that machine when something goes wrong. Try this only on a test instance where you have console access.

In the above:

• This will really make the eth0 as a port of of the bridge “dev”.
• So, all the frames that arrives on eth0 will be processed as if it is really arriving at the bridge.
• Also, when the frames are sent-out on “dev” bridge, it will use eth0. When multiple interfaces are part of “dev” bridge, then eth0 will be a potential candidate to sent-out the outgoing frames from the bridge.

After adding the eth0 to “dev” bridge, the brctl show command will display the following.

As you see from the above output, the last column “interfaces” how has eth0 for “dev” bridge.

Note: If something goes wrong while adding eth0 to the “dev” bridge, execute the following command from the console to delete the dev bridge.

Also, note that if you try to add the loopback interface to the bridge, you’ll get the following invalid argument command.# brctl addif dev lo
can’t add lo to bridge dev: Invalid argument

As you can imagine, you can’t add an interface that doesn’t exist on the system to the bridge.

5. Add Multiple Interfaces to Existing Bridge

In the above example, we added only one ethernet device (eth0) to the bridge.

But, the whole idea of using a bridge is to add more interfaces to the bridge.

In the following example, we are adding both eth0 and eth1 to the bridge “dev”.

As you see from the following output, for the dev bridge we see two lines. In the last column “interfaces”, we see both eth0 and eth1 for “dev” ethernet bridge.

Note: If a particular ethernet interface is already part of a bridge, then you can’t add it to another bridge.

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Basically, one network can be part of only one bridge. If not, we’ll get the following error message when trying to add it to another bridge.

6. Tracking MAC address of a Bridge

Using brctl showmacs, we can see all the learned MAC addresses of a bridge.

In the following example, as of now, the following are the two mac addresses that connected to the ethernet bridge “prod”. This data will keep changing depending on the current status of what is connected to the bridge.

7. Set Ageing Time for Mac Address on a Bridge

In the following example, we are setting the mac address ageing time to 120 seconds on “dev” ethernet bridge.

In the above:

• dev is the name of the bridge where we are setting this value
• 120 is seconds
• So, if a frame is not seen for “dev” bridge in 120 seconds, then “dev” bridge will delete the mac address from the forwarding database.

8. Setup Spanning Tree on Ethernet Bridge

Using brctl stp, we can setup spanning tree on ethernet bridge.

But default, spanning tree is not enabled when we create a bridge.

Spanning tree is helpful when you have multiple bridges on your network, and they can all collaborate to find the shortest path between two ethernets.

In the following example, we are turning on the spanning tree on “dev” ethernet bridge.

We can use either on or yes to enable spanning tree. So, both of the following command will do exactly the same.

As you see from the following show output, the values in the “STP enabled” column for “dev” bridge is now “yes”.

To turn off spanning tree on your ethernet bridge, do the following:

9. Display STP Parameter Values of a Bridge

STP stands for Spanning Tree Protocol.

Once you’ve enabled stp on your bridge, you can use showstp as shown below to view all the stp parameter values of your bridge.

The following will display the stp parameter and its current value for “dev” bridge.

10. Change Bridge Parameters Values

The spanning tree parameter default values for a specific bridge can be changed. You can also change other parameter values of the bridge that you created.

All of the following set commands mentioned in the table below starts with brctl. For example:

The following table displays available set commands for brctl. The time value is in seconds.

.